High dose of lipid-soluble alkaloids of FZ could increase the plasma contents of L-lysine, L-arginine, and deoxycholic acid, while the plasma contents of UMP, carnitine, N-formylanthranilic acid, and adenosine were decreased significantly. The pathway analysis indicated that therapeutic dose of lipid-soluble alkaloids of FZ could regulate energy and amino acid metabolic disorders in AIA rats. However, toxic dose could cause bile acid, fat, amino acid, and energy metabolic disorders. And combination with total glucosides of peony could enhance the therapeutic effects and attenuate the toxicity induced by lipid-soluble alkaloids of FZ.

High dose of lipid-soluble alkaloids of FZ could increase the plasma contents of L-lysine, L-arginine, and deoxycholic acid, while the plasma contents of UMP, carnitine, N-formylanthranilic acid, and adenosine were decreased significantly. The pathway analysis indicated that therapeutic dose of lipid-soluble alkaloids of FZ could regulate energy and amino acid metabolic disorders in AIA rats. However, toxic dose could cause bile acid, fat, amino acid, and energy metabolic disorders. And combination with total glucosides of peony could enhance the therapeutic effects and attenuate the toxicity induced by lipid-soluble alkaloids of FZ.

Figure 1 (a) The body weight of rats in each group after immunization, weighed every 3 days. (b) The change of paw volumes of rats in each group after immunization, measured every 4 days. (c) The clinical arthritis scores in each group after immunization, evaluated every 4 days. Healthy control group (A). AIA model group (B). Therapy group (C1). Efficacy enhancing combination group (C2). Toxicity group (D1). Toxicity reducing combination group (D2). Dexamethasone group (DG).